INGLES

Rafael  López Rodríguez

Nelly Hernández Zúñiga

Lilibeth Lisseth Auzaque Ahumada

Present progresive (present progresiv) (presente progresivo)

Presente progresivo = se usa para indicar que una acción esta pasando en  un momento especifico del presente.

La oración se construye de la siguiente manera:

Persona + "to be" + "acción + ing" + información.

Se usa con las expresiones: now (nau) (ahora); right now (wraigt nau) (justo ahora)  o  in this moment (in dis moument) (en este momento).

Ex:I am studying english in this school right now.

We  are studying english in this school right now.

She  is studying english in this school right now.

Para negar y preguntar = se usan  las mismas reglas del "to be", ya que es esa acción la que estamos utilizando.

Ex:     am I studying . . .?.         He isn´t studying. . .?    Are they studying. . ?

Con el presente progresivo también se expresa una acción que tenemos planeada hacer en el futuro inmediato, en este caso se usa la acción "to be going to (to bi gouing tu) (ir a... "de hacer")".

Ex:   is going to the cinema this weekend.

(shi is gouing tu de cinema dis wuikend)

(ella va a ir al cinema este fin de semana).

We are going to learn to talk in english soon.

(ui ar gouing tu le..rn tu tolk in inglish su..n)

(nosotros vamos a aprender a hablar en inglés pronto)

Un resumen de diferentes usos del presente progresivo:

I am studying english now = (acción en este momento del presente).

She is living in the u. S. A. For only 2 months.

(shi is living in de iu. Es. Er.  For onli tu monds)

(ella esta viviendo en u. S. A. Por solo dos meses) = expresa una acción o evento en el  presente,  pero es  pasajero o temporal.

I am going to be here at six o´ clock tomorrow

(ai am gouing tu bi jir at six ocloc tumowrou)

(yo voy a estar aquí a las 6:00 en punto mañana) = expresa una acción en el futuro inmediato, este tipo de oración puede llevar o ir con estas expresiones:

"this day, this week, this month, tomorrow, next day or next month".

(dis dei, dis wuik, dis mond, tumowrou, next dei or next mond)

(este día, esta semana, este mes, mañana, el día siguiente, el siguiente mes)

El VERBO 'BE' 'Past Simple':

PRESENTE - am/is/are

AFIRMATIVA  
I was
you were
he was
she was
it was
we were
you were
they were

PASADO - was/were

NEGATIVA

I was not (n´t)
you were not (n´t)
he was not (n´t)
she was not (n´t)
it was not (n´t)
we were not (n´t)
you were not (n´t)
they were not (n´t)

INTERROGATIVA

was I …?
were you …?
was he …?
was she …?
was it …?
were we …?
were you …?
were they …?

LOS DEMÁS VERBOS

Para la forma afirmativa se utitiza el 'Past Simple' del verbo, que se forma, en el caso de los verbos requlares, añadiendo -ed al infinitivo. Esta forma es la misma para todas las personas.

Las formas negativa e interrogativa se construyen con did, el 'Past Simple' del verbo auxilier do:

PRESENTE DO/DOES - PASADO - DID

Do you know him? - Did you know him? - Le conocías?
Does he understand? - Did he understand? - Lo comprendió?

I don't know. - I didn't know. - No lo sabía.
He doesn't like fruit. - He didn't like fruit. - A él no le gustaba la fruta.

AFIRMATIVA

I watched - finished - played - arrived - studied - stopped
you watched - finished - played - arrived - studied - stopped
he watched - finished - played - arrived - studied - stopped
she watched - finished - played - arrived - studied - stopped
it watched - finished - played - arrived - studied - stopped
we watched - finished - played - arrived - studied - stopped
you watched - finished - played - arrived - studied - stopped
they watched - finished - played - arrived - studied - stopped

NEGATIVA

I did not (didn´t) watch - finish - play - arrive - study - stop
you did not (didn´t) watch - finish - play - arrive - study - stop
he did not (didn´t) watch - finish - play - arrive - study - stop
she did not (didn´t) watch - finish - play - arrive - study - stop
it did not (didn´t) watch - finish - play - arrive - study - stop
we did not (didn´t) watch - finish - play - arrive - study - stop
you did not (didn´t) watch - finish - play - arrive - study - stop
they did not (didn´t) watch - finish - play - arrive - study - stop

INTERROGATIVA

did I watch… ? - finish …? - play …? - arrive …? - study …? - stop …?
did you watch… ? - finish …? - play …? - arrive …? - study …? - stop …?
did he watch… ? - finish …? - play …? - arrive …? - study …? - stop …?
did she watch… ? - finish …? - play …? - arrive …? - study …? - stop …?
did it watch… ? - finish …? - play …? - arrive …? - study …? - stop …?
did we watch… ? - finish …? - play …? - arrive …? - study …? - stop …?
did you watch… ? - finish …? - play …? - arrive …? - study …? - stop …?
did they watch… ? - finish …? - play …? - arrive …? - study …? - stop …?

Preguntas en inglés usando "have/has/had". Have you seen the UFO? / Has he eaten his meal? / Had you lived there?

Have / Haven't (I, you, they...) ... ?

Where have you gone?

¿Adónde has ido?

Haven't you finished high school yet?

¿No has terminado la secundaria todavía?

Have Bill and Tim played cards with Richard?

¿Bill y Tim han jugado a las cartas con Richard?

Have they talked to the police?

¿Han hablado con la policía?

Where have the kids hidden the keys?

¿Dónde han escondido los niños las llaves?

Has / Hasn't (he, she, it...) ... ?

Where has he been?

¿Dónde ha estado él?

Has anyone told her father the results of the test?

¿Alguien le ha dicho los resultados del examen a su padre?

Hasn't Phillip been in the library before?

¿Phillip no ha estado en la biblioteca antes?

Has your brother played for the Lakers?

¿Tu hermano ha jugado para los Lakers?

Why has Margaret told you such a lie?

¿Por qué Margaret te ha dicho semejante mentira?

Had / Hadn't (I, you, she...) ... ?

Had I told you that I saw your brother in the festival?

¿Te había dicho que vi a tu hermano en el festival?

Hadn't anyone known that this was going to happen?

¿Nadie sabía que esto iba a suceder?

Had we taken the right decision about strike?

¿Habíamos tomado la decisión correcta en cuanto a de la huelga?

Where had Susan bought these glasses?

¿Dónde había comprado Susan estos anteojos?

Hadn't he learned how to use the machine?

¿El no había aprendido a usar la máquina?

Gramática

"Can" y "could" se utilizan para expresar permiso, posibilidad o habilidad. Como regla general "can" se utiliza en el presente y "could" en el pasado, pero hay ciertos matices:

a) Posibilidad / habilidad

En el presente "can" y en el pasado "could" o "was / were able".

With the new motorway you can go from Madrid to Barcelona in less than 4 hours

Ten years ago you could go from Madrid to Barcelona in 6 hours

I can play tennis

I could (was able) to play tennis when I was a child

"Could" también se utiliza con un sentido condicional, mientras que en el futuro se emplea "will be able":

If I had money I could buy a new car

In two years I will be able to speak English fluently

b) Permiso

En el presente distinguimos:

- Tener o pedir permiso: "can" tiene un sentido informal y "could"formal.

I can use the company's car for my private trips (informal)

I could use the company's car for my private trips (formal)

Can I borrow your car ? (informal)

Could I borrow your car ? (formal)

- Dar permiso: se utiliza "can"; "could" únicamente se emplea con un sentido condicional.

Tonight you can stay with us

If you don't find any other place, you could stay with

En el pasado se utiliza "could" y en el futuro "can".

c) Ofrecimiento

Sólo se utiliza "can".

Can I help you

Superlativos en Inglés




Se usan los superlativos para indicar un extremo en un grupo de cosas.

Bob is the tallest student in the class.
Bob es el estudiante más alto de la clase.

-est
Generalmente formamos el superlativo añadiendo el sufijo -est al adjetivo.

small (pequeño) - the smallest (el más pequeño)

-st
Si el adjetivo termina con e, nada más añadimos -st para formar el superlativo.

large - the largest

y -> iest
Si una palabra termina con una consonante y luego y, cambiamos la y a -iest.

easy - the easiest

Doble Consonante
Si una palabra termina con una consonante, una vocal, y luego otra consonante y la sílaba fuerte es la última, duplica la última letra antes de anadir -est.

big - the biggest

"Most" con Palabras Largas
Si la palabra es de dos sílabas o más (una palabra larga) y no termina con y, usamos la palabra most, en lugar de -est.

expensive - the most expensive

Comparativos Irregulares

good - the best
bad - the worst
far - the farthest

Enlaces

http://www.emagister.com/curso-mas-completo-ingles/unidad-4-presente-progresivo

http://www.aulafacil.com/Ingejerc/Lecciones/Lecc24.htm

www.inglesmundial.com/Ingles_Intermedio_Leccion14/Ingles_Intermedio_Leccion14_Gramatica.html